This interdisciplinary project that brought together multiple institutions and researchers received a research grant of around €110K from the Netherlands government through the PREM Programme in IVM, Virje Universiteit Amsterdam. The primary aim of this research project was to conduct an applied and policy-relevant study on the poaching of one-horned rhinoceros in Nepal, which at the time was at an alarmingly high rate, and to come up with practical and implementable policy options through an understanding of the factors that influenced poaching of rhinos in and around the Chitwan National Park.